Patch theory and structured-merge VCS (Roundy Darcs, Mimram-Di Giusto categorical patches, Angiuli-Morehouse-Licata-Harper homotopical patch theory, JDime, GumTree, Schürr triple graph grammars, Git); CRDTs and local-first sync (Shapiro et al., Kleppmann JSON-CRDT, Cambria 2020/2021, Kleppmann Local-First, Designing Data-Intensive Applications); content-addressed storage and distributed databases (Merkle, Dynamo, Cassandra, Dremel, PRISM).

An annotated bibliography across five adjacent lines of research: 1. schemas as algebraic theories; 2. bidirectional lenses and profunctor optics; 3. format-preserving parsing and unparsing; 4. structured-merge version control; and 5. data exchange + cross-protocol translation

Parser generators and incremental parsing (tree-sitter, packrat, Spoofax, Wagner-Graham); format-preserving round-tripping (Augeas, BiYacc, resugaring, de Jonge-Visser layout preservation); wire-format and configuration-language specs (ATProto Lexicon, FHIR, GraphQL, OpenAPI, JSON Schema, Protocol Buffers, Avro, Parquet, MessagePack, WebAssembly, CUE, Dhall, Nickel, Starlark).

Schemas as finitely-presented categories or generalised algebraic theories; instances as functors; data exchange, integration, and migration with categorical foundations. From Codd's relational model through Spivak's Σ⊣Δ⊣Π adjoint triple, CQL/AQL, ACSets, ologs, and Lu's multi-model framework, plus the Burstall-Goguen / Sannella-Tarlecki institutional structured-specification tradition that informs them.

The lens / bidirectional-transformation tradition: Foster combinators, Boomerang, symmetric and edit lenses (Hofmann-Pierce-Wagner), delta lenses (Diskin), parametric bidirectionalisation (Voigtländer), point-free algebraic reasoning (Mu-Hu-Takeichi, Pacheco-Cunha), profunctor optics in functional programming (van Laarhoven, Pickering-Gibbons-Wu, kmett, generic-lens, Boisseau-Gibbons), and the QVT/MDE bx perspective (Stevens, Czarnecki).