







Abstract. This article examines the gender gap in attitudes toward the adoption of AI in the workplace, with a focus on how gender differences in risk orie
Explaining women’s skepticism toward artificial intelligence: The role of risk orientation and risk exposure
Abstract. This article examines the gender gap in attitudes toward the adoption of AI in the workplace, with a focus on how gender differences in risk orie

Why women are more skeptical of AI than men, according to a new study
Drawing on survey data, the study finds that women consistently perceive AI as riskier, especially when its economic effects are uncertain.

AI Could Set Back Women at Work. Here’s the Risk.
JP Morgan and Brookings research shows women face higher risks from AI due to lower representation, slower adoption, and job exposure.
The AI Gender Trap: Why Women Face Triple the Automation Risk in the Digital Age
As generative AI transforms the workplace, women face a disproportionate risk of automation—revealing deep inequalities in who builds, controls, and benefits from artificial intelligence.
New ILO data confirm women face higher workplace risks from generative AI than men
A new report finds that women face higher risks, as they are concentrated in tasks more prone to automation and remain underrepresented in technology and science fields.

Women executives warn AI adoption is outpacing workforce development
A Chief and Harris Poll survey reveals how women leaders are shaping AI adoption by prioritizing workforce development and ethical implementation over speed.
Women Are Avoiding AI. Will Their Careers Suffer? | Working Knowledge
Women are adopting generative AI technology at a significantly lower rate than men, in many cases because women question whether it's ethical to use the tools, according to research by Rembrand Koning and colleagues. If women are shying away from AI, could the gender gap in pay and job opportunities continue to widen?

Women Who Use AI At Work Face A Predictable ‘Competence Penalty’
Women who use AI are seen as less competent than men who use AI, even when producing identical work. This reflects a common gender bias known as the "competence penalty."

Artificial Intelligence and Its Unique Threat to Women | Capitol Technology University
With the rise of artificial intelligence, the world is undergoing a big transformation. However, technology has been seen to display biases – and for women, this presents a complex set of challenges.

Women and AI: The Gender Gap in AI Adoption and Recognition [Data]
Lean In’s survey shows how women are losing out in the AI age. Learn how women and men compare in AI adoption in the workplace, recognition, and more.
Opinion: A gender gap is emerging in AI adoption, and women risk being left behind
Women appear less inclined to use AI tools, producing a disadvantage they can ill afford

Gender differences in artificial intelligence: the role of artificial intelligence anxiety
INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) is having a significant impact on people's lives. Despite the benefits associated with this technological advancement, there may be gender-related inequalities in accessing and using AI systems. The present study aimed to test gender differences in factors likely to influence AI adoption, in particular, the moderating role of gender in the relationship between AI anxiety and positive attitudes toward AI. METHOD: Participants were 335 adults (52.2% women; mean age = 29.96, SD = 13.88) who filled in an online self-report anonymous questionnaire. To test the hypotheses, both a MANOVA and a moderation model were adopted. RESULTS: Results revealed significant gender differences in AI adoption dimensions, with women reporting higher AI anxiety, lower positive attitudes toward AI, lower use of AI, and lower perceived knowledge of AI. A significant negative relationship was found between AI anxiety and positive attitudes toward AI. An interaction between gender and AI anxiety was found: At low levels of anxiety, women showed lower levels of positive attitudes toward AI than men, while at high levels of AI anxiety, gender differences were less evident. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that AI anxiety works as a "gender differences leveler." The present study contributes to expanding knowledge about gender differences in technology, which will underpin practical interventions for reducing the gender digital gap. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

The Large Gender Gap in Who Uses AI
A recent study finds that AI usage tilts heavily toward men. Part of the reason: Women worried they might be penalized for using AI.
A Proposed Conceptual Framework for Understanding Gender Disparities in Artificial Intelligence Adoption
This conceptual paper investigates the issue of gender disparities in artificial intelligence adoption within organizational settings. It highlights the importance of addressing these differences for workplace inclusivity and performance. The problem lies in the unequal of artificial intelligence adoption between male and female employees’ perspectives. The proposed framework is developed through a review of existing literature highlights differences between male and female employees in their artificial intelligence adoption. The methodology is based on conceptual analysis, derive on previous studies to build a comprehensive understanding of gender disparities in artificial intelligence adoption. An Independent T-Test will be used to analyze the disparities between male and female Malaysian sports graduates in testing the hypothesis development. By addressing these disparities, the paper provides insights into creating inclusive strategies that promote gender equity in the workforce. Overall, the findings aim to guide both researchers and practitioners in designing gender equality policies that address challenges to equal adoption of artificial intelligence.
We’re at risk of a two-tier AI economy if we don’t bridge the AI gender gap, expert says | Fortune
Women are more skeptical of AI. Their hesitation will make AI safer, says Harvard researcher Mara Bolis.

The 'AI gender gap' narrative is missing the full picture | Fortune
New research shows women leaders are shaping AI strategy, ethics, and oversight—even as concerns about adoption gaps persist.
