Abstract. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of compounds of high concern due to their ubiquity, persistence, and adverse health impact
Furthering the Capabilities of Diffusive-Gradient Passive Samplers for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Abstract. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemical pollutants of growing concern for many stakeholders. Due to their ubiquity, persistence i
Addressing Urgent Questions for PFAS in the 21st Century
Abstract. Despite decades of research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), fundamental obstacles remain to addressing worldwide contamination by
Calibration of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acid Uptake Rates by a Tube Passive Sampler in Water
Abstract. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of 4000+ man-made compounds of great concern due to their environmental ubiquity and adver
Passive Sampler Derived Profiles and Mass Flows of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) across the Fram Strait in the North Atlantic
Abstract. Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of pollutants of high concern due to their ubiquity and negative human health impac
How Do We Measure Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) at the Surface of Consumer Products?
Abstract. Exposures to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been linked to metabolic disruption, immunotoxicity, and cancer in humans. PFASs ar
Stability of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Solvents Relevant to Environmental and Toxicological Analysis
Abstract. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used anthropogenic chemicals. For environmental and toxicological analysis, it is importan
Are Fluoropolymers Really of Low Concern for Human and Environmental Health and Separate from Other PFAS?
Abstract. Fluoropolymers are a group of polymers within the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The objective of this analysis is to evalu
Can profiles of poly- and Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human serum provide information on major exposure sources?
Humans are exposed to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from diverse sources and this has been associated with negative health impacts. Advances in analytical methods have enabled routine detection of more than 15 PFASs in human sera, allowing better profiling of PFAS exposures. The composition of PFASs in human sera reflects the complexity of exposure sources but source identification can be confounded by differences in toxicokinetics affecting uptake, distribution, and elimination. Common PFASs, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and their precursors are ubiquitous in multiple exposure sources. However, their composition varies among sources, which may impact associated adverse health effects.
Binding of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to Serum Proteins: Implications for Toxicokinetics in Humans
Abstract. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals that are detectable in the serum of m
Unbound Fractions of PFAS in Human and Rodent Tissues: Rat Liver a Suitable Proxy for Evaluating Emerging PFAS?
Abstract. Adverse health effects associated with exposures to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a concern for public health and are
Diffusive-Gradient Passive Samplers for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemical pollutants of growing concern. Due to their ubiquity, persistence in the environment, and potential for toxicity at low environmental concentrations, it is necessary to have convenient and reliable methods to measure PFAS in natural waters. Passive sampling methods (in situ pre-concentration of PFAS) are investigated for monitoring purposes. The following dataset specifically deals with the calibration and application of a diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) passive sampler, as well as comparisons to previously designed microporous polyethylene tube (MPT) passive samplers and water grab samples. Concentrations are measured with tandem liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for all sampling methods. The dataset comprises: (i) a list of 25 PFAS compounds considered for the study at hand, (ii) method detection limits of considered PFAS compounds, (iii) calibration experiments of the DGT passive sampler, as well as results from modelling approaches to determine sampling rates, (iv) lab deployment of the developed DGT to challenge determined sampling rates, (v) field deployments of the developed DGT in an assortment of streams, ponds, and lakes in Minnesota and Maine, where concentrations of PFAS compounds are compared to concentrations measured by MPT, and water grab samples.
Field‐testing polyethylene passive samplers for the detection of neutral polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air and water
Abstract . Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluorooctane‐sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs), perfluorooctane‐sulfonamides (FOSAs), and other poly‐ and perfluori
Understanding Mechanisms of PFAS Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination Using a Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Model
Abstract. Exposures to some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA), have been associated with diverse adverse he
Occurrence of Major Perfluorinated Alkylate Substances in Human Blood and Target Organs
Abstract. Human exposure to perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs) is usually assessed from the concentrations in serum or plasma, assuming one-compart
PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding
Abstract. We synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human and wildlife exposures to poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substanc
A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects
Here, we review present understanding of sources and trends in human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and epidemiologic evidence for impacts on cancer, immune function, metabolic outcomes, and neurodevelopment. More than 4000 PFASs have been manufactured by humans and hundreds have been detected in environmental samples. Direct exposures due to use in products can be quickly phased out by shifts in chemical production but exposures driven by PFAS accumulation in the ocean and marine food chains and contamination of groundwater persist over long timescales. Serum concentrations of legacy PFASs in humans are declining globally but total exposures to newer PFASs and precursor compounds have not been well characterized. Human exposures to legacy PFASs from seafood and drinking water are stable or increasing in many regions, suggesting observed declines reflect phase-outs in legacy PFAS use in consumer products. Many regions globally are continuing to discover PFAS contaminated sites from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) use, particularly next to airports and military bases. Exposures from food packaging and indoor environments are uncertain due to a rapidly changing chemical landscape where legacy PFASs have been replaced by diverse precursors and custom molecules that are difficult to detect. Multiple studies find significant associations between PFAS exposure and adverse immune outcomes in children. Dyslipidemia is the strongest metabolic outcome associated with PFAS exposure. Evidence for cancer is limited to manufacturing locations with extremely high exposures and insufficient data are available to characterize impacts of PFAS exposures on neurodevelopment. Preliminary evidence suggests significant health effects associated with exposures to emerging PFASs. Lessons learned from legacy PFASs indicate that limited data should not be used as a justification to delay risk mitigation actions for replacement PFASs.
