The ideal worker concept, typified by an unencumbered male, continues to influence workplace norms, despite a more gender-mixed workforce. This article examines whether this concept is being disrupted or reproduced as digitalisation becomes increasingly embedded in the workplace. Based on qualitative research in two professional services firms, the analysis shows how the ideal worker themes of work prioritisation and presenteeism have been maintained but adapted. Significantly, the study reveals how the novel dimension of connectedness is reshaping the ideal worker norm as enhanced digitalisation becomes interwoven in social relations. This has modified informal expectations about how, when and where work is performed, altering work organisation. This reconfiguration may in principle broaden scope for conformity with the ideal worker model, but in practice the heightened intrusion of work demands on personal time and into domestic space potentially works against gender equality.
Coloniality of Skill Codification: A Decolonial Feminist Analysis of “Ideal Workers” in the “Future of Work” Policy Discourses
ABSTRACT Over the last decade, policy actors have produced a surge of “future of work” reports that reimagine workers through the dual logics of digitalization and human capital. Drawing on 25 policy documents (WEF, World Bank, OECD, EU, and major consultancies) and combining Bacchi and Goodwin's WPR approach with decolonial feminist theory, this paper demonstrates how these imaginaries construct an “ideal future worker” that reinscribes colonial hierarchies through a process we term the coloniality of skill codification . This concept describes the translation of embodied, historical, and relational differences (race, gender, caste, disability, age, and geopolitics) into ostensibly neutral, measurable skill categories that naturalize Global North standards and colonial hierarchy. Our analysis uncovers three interlocking mechanisms: (1) construction of workers as techno‐neoliberal skill bundles (relational human–machine codependency), (2) commodification of social difference (inclusion framed as extractable competitive advantage), and (3) technical‐statistical indexation (national human capital metrics that rank countries and workforce potential). This paper intervenes in the emerging field of Feminist AI by arguing that the policy discourses surrounding AI and automation in the workplace are actively constructing a new, insidious form of the “ideal worker” that rearticulates colonial‐gendered power structures.
A new middle-class fraction with a distinct subjectivity: Tech workers and the transformation of the entrepreneurial self
With the rise of digital capitalism, a novel occupational segment has emerged: so-called ‘tech workers’. Members of this grouping render and encode the digital technologies that permeate contemporary social life. While there are many studies about highly precarious digital labourers, research on these digital professionals remains scarce. Based on 40 original interviews, the article explores the subjectivity of tech workers. Specifically, it asks whether understandings of middle-class employees as entrepreneurial selves with a holistic market orientation hold true for this grouping, or whether new cultures of subjectivation are emerging. The key finding from these interviews is that tech workers show contours of a post-neoliberal subjectivity. While the figure of the entrepreneurial self remains an alluring force, this study detected four transformative cultures of subjectivation: (1) a return of the critique of economic inequality; (2) a concern for diversity; (3) an ethic of mindfulness; and (4) a lifestyle that signals ordinariness. These distinct forms of subjectivity point to the formation of a new middle-class fraction. However, drawing on the sociology of critique, this article also considers how this transformation of subjectivity can be appropriated as yet another new spirit of capitalism.
The AI Gender Trap: Why Women Face Triple the Automation Risk in the Digital Age
As generative AI transforms the workplace, women face a disproportionate risk of automation—revealing deep inequalities in who builds, controls, and benefits from artificial intelligence.
A Growing Gender Divide in the AI Economy — The Honest Economist
The article argues that AI is reshaping gender inequality even before the pay gap visibly widens. Women are more concentrated in clerical and administrative roles where AI can restructure work, while men are more concentrated in technical, AI-complementary roles. Among college graduates, the exposur
New research reveals "staggering" gender gap in ChatGPT adoption
A study reveals that ChatGPT adoption reflects existing workplace inequalities, with younger, higher-paid men using AI more than women and lower-income employees.
Report: Where are the women? Mapping the gender job gap in AI
As AI becomes ubiquitous in everyday life, closing the gender gap in the AI and data science workforce matters.
AI, Decomputing and the Interregnum
This paper treats AI as diagnostic for the deeper changes taking place in the existing order of things. It uses AI's alignment with both the political economy and with the dualisms that underpin it, including race, gender and anthropocentrism, to highlight the nihilistic character of the current restructuring. AI's scaling and accelerationism are taken as examples of the wider tactics being invoked by hegemonic power to maintain control under changing conditions. From this perspective, the massive build-out of data centres isn't simply a seizure of energy resources but a manifestation of an aggressive and misogynist technopolitics. The paper argues that a liberal push for digital sovereignty doesn't interrupt these dynamics but plays into the hands of emerging technofascism. It proposes instead the prefigurative tactic of 'decomputing', which draws on degrowth, deautomatisation and a convivial approach to technology. It explores decomputing as a means to mitigate both material and relational harms and as a decisive turn towards infrastructuring the common good. The paper concludes that AI is the contradiction that reveals many others, not least the gap between claims to legitimacy and the actuality of destructive violence, and proposes an alternative technopolitics of reciprocity that prioritises care and sustainability.
AI, Decomputing and the Interregnum
This paper treats AI as diagnostic for the deeper changes taking place in the existing order of things. It uses AI's alignment with both the political economy and with the dualisms that underpin it, including race, gender and anthropocentrism, to highlight the nihilistic character of the current restructuring. AI's scaling and accelerationism are taken as examples of the wider tactics being invoked by hegemonic power to maintain control under changing conditions. From this perspective, the massive build-out of data centres isn't simply a seizure of energy resources but a manifestation of an aggressive and misogynist technopolitics. The paper argues that a liberal push for digital sovereignty doesn't interrupt these dynamics but plays into the hands of emerging technofascism. It proposes instead the prefigurative tactic of 'decomputing', which draws on degrowth, deautomatisation and a convivial approach to technology. It explores decomputing as a means to mitigate both material and relational harms and as a decisive turn towards infrastructuring the common good. The paper concludes that AI is the contradiction that reveals many others, not least the gap between claims to legitimacy and the actuality of destructive violence, and proposes an alternative technopolitics of reciprocity that prioritises care and sustainability.
Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men
Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men is a 2019 book by British feminist author Caroline Criado Perez. The book describes the adverse effects on women caused by gender bias in big data collection.
Glitch feminism: a manifesto
"A new manifesto for cyberfeminism. The divide between the digital and the real world no longer exists: we are connected all the time. How do we find out who we are within this digital era? Where do we create the space to explore our identity? How can we come together and create solidarity? The glitch is often dismissed as an error, a faulty overlaying, but, as Legacy Russell shows, liberation can be found within the fissures between gender, technology and the body that it creates. The glitch offers the opportunity for us to perform and transform ourselves in an infinite variety of identities. In Glitch Feminism, Russell makes a series of radical demands through memoir, art and critical theory, and the work of contemporary artists who have travelled through the glitch in their work. Timely and provocative, Glitch Feminism shows how the error can be a revolution"--Publisher's website
Thoughts on Cyberpositionality: The Construction of Digital Communities in Digital Spaces, Damien Patrick Williams
I found Rebecca Monteleone, Martin Perez Comisso, and Elma Hajric’s “Cyberpositionality: Sociotechnical Location in the Digital Age” (2024) to be an extremely timely and important article which can…
A Proposed Conceptual Framework for Understanding Gender Disparities in Artificial Intelligence Adoption
This conceptual paper investigates the issue of gender disparities in artificial intelligence adoption within organizational settings. It highlights the importance of addressing these differences for workplace inclusivity and performance. The problem lies in the unequal of artificial intelligence adoption between male and female employees’ perspectives. The proposed framework is developed through a review of existing literature highlights differences between male and female employees in their artificial intelligence adoption. The methodology is based on conceptual analysis, derive on previous studies to build a comprehensive understanding of gender disparities in artificial intelligence adoption. An Independent T-Test will be used to analyze the disparities between male and female Malaysian sports graduates in testing the hypothesis development. By addressing these disparities, the paper provides insights into creating inclusive strategies that promote gender equity in the workforce. Overall, the findings aim to guide both researchers and practitioners in designing gender equality policies that address challenges to equal adoption of artificial intelligence.
Women in AI: Numbers Behind the Gender Gap in Tech
How is AI changing the game for women in 2026? From job shifts and personal life-hacks to the rise of female AI founders, explore the unique impact of women in tech today.
Women Worry, Men Adopt: How Gendered Perceptions Shape the Use of Generative AI
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is diffusing rapidly, yet its adoption is strikingly unequal. Using nationally representative UK survey data from 2023 to 2024, we show that women adopt GenAI substantially less often than men because they perceive its societal risks differently. We construct a composite index capturing concerns about mental health, privacy, climate impact, and labor market disruption. This index explains between 9 and 18 percent of the variation in GenAI adoption and ranks among the strongest predictors for women across all age groups, surpassing digital literacy and education for young women. Intersectional analyses show that the largest disparities arise among younger, digitally fluent individuals with high societal risk concerns, where gender gaps in personal use exceed 45 percentage points. Using a synthetic twin panel design, we show that increased optimism about AI's societal impact raises GenAI use among young women from 13 percent to 33 percent, substantially narrowing the gender divide. These findings indicate that gendered perceptions of AI's social and ethical consequences, rather than access or capability, are the primary drivers of unequal GenAI adoption, with implications for productivity, skill formation, and economic inequality in an AI enabled economy.
Feminist Technology
Feminist technology is not related to one specific community of practice, but it has been a field of research and has led to and is still leading to practices that are very valuable in the context of sustainable tech.
Sex Workers Describe the Instability—and Necessity—of OnlyFans
Creators of sexually explicit content talk about what it's like to rely on a platform that can just... change its policies, then change them back.
