I regularly hear people asking which programming language to learn, and then reeling off a list of very similar languages (“Should I learn Java, C#, C++, Python, or Ruby?”). In response I usually tell them that it doesn’t really matter, as long as they get started. There are fundamentals behind them.
The Next 7000 Programming Languages
Landin’s seminal paper “The next 700 programming languages” considered programming languages prior to 1966 and speculated on the next 700. Half-a-century on, we cast programming languages in a Darwinian ‘tree of life’ and explore languages, their features (genes) and language evolution from the viewpoint of ‘survival of the fittest’.
A break from programming languages
This is a blog post I have been considering writing for a long time.
Its Time for a New Programming Language
Today, when compared to any other point in programming history, we find ourselves spoiled for choice when it comes to programming…
Learn C • Build Your Own Lisp
If you're looking to learn C, or you've ever wondered how to build your own programming language, this is the book for you.
How To Think Like A Programmer
Rust Programming Language
A language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software.
Hedy - Textual programming made easy
Many schools and teachers around the world want to teach their students programming. Initially this is often done with playful tools, ranging from the Bee-Bot robot to Scratch Junior or Scratch. After using such tools, kids often want to move to more powerful, textual programming languages, like Python.
ZigCool
I can’t think of any other language in my 45 years long career that surprised more than Zig. I can easily say that Zig is not only a new programming language, but it’s a totally new way to write programs, in my opinion. To say it’s merely a language to replace C or C++, it’s a huge understatement.
The Rust Programming Language - The Rust Programming Language
by Steve Klabnik, Carol Nichols, and Chris Krycho, with contributions from the Rust Community
Ruby Programming Language - GeeksforGeeks
Your All-in-One Learning Portal: GeeksforGeeks is a comprehensive educational platform that empowers learners across domains-spanning computer science and programming, school education, upskilling, commerce, software tools, competitive exams, and more.
nyigoro/lumina-lang
Most languages make you choose: safety or the web. Lumina doesn't. Lumina is a statically typed, web-native language with HM type inference, algebraic types, and trait-based polymorphism, compiled to JavaScript and WebAssembly. Build reactive UIs, WebGPU workloads, and WASM modules in the same language, with the same type system.
Modular: The Claude C Compiler: What It Reveals About the Future of Software
Compilers occupy a special place in computer science. They're a canonical course in computer science education. Building one is a rite of passage. It forces you to confront how software actually works, by examining languages, abstractions, hardware, and the boundary between human intent and machine execution.
Coeffects: Context-aware programming languages
Interactive essay that explains theory of coeffects and lets you type-check and run sample programs.
The Coalton Programming Language
A statically typed, functional programming language that compiles to Common Lisp
Practical Foundations for Programming Languages