Scientific knowledge is currently scattered across papers, repositories, and disconnected platforms, with no structured way to trace how claims connect to evidence or how arguments develop. Nanoarguments builds a framework and tools for creating, browsing, and contributing to a global, federated graph of scientific discourse and evidence. Researchers and their communities can collaboratively structure claims, evidence chains, and discussion as nanopublications, which are small, cryptographically signed Linked Data snippets with precise provenance and authorship, published to a decentralized peer-to-peer network. The project builds upon the Nanodash interface to help users browse, edit, and aggregate discourse and evidence graphs, and integrates with dokieli to enable in-context authoring of nanopublications as inline annotations while reading or writing a document. A bidirectional ActivityPub connector bridges the nanopublication network and the fediverse, allowing discourse threads to start as social exchanges and crystallize into persistent, machine-readable evidence records. The project will be piloted with early adopter research groups in discourse and evidence modeling. All components will be released as open-source modules that other systems can build upon.
Metagov x Future of Science Seminar - Discourse Graphs with Matt Akamatsu
Steps Towards an Infrastructure for Scholarly Synthesis
Sharing, reusing, and synthesizing knowledge is central to the research process, both individually, and with others. These core functions are not supported by our formal scholarly publishing infrastructure: instead of the smooth functioning of functional infrastructure, researchers resort to laborious ”hacks” and workarounds to ”mine” publications for what they need, and struggle to efficiently share the resulting information with others. Information scientists have proposed an alternative infrastructure based on the more appropriately granular model of a discourse graph of claims, and evidence, along with key rhetorical relationships between them. However, despite significant technical progress on standards and platforms, the predominant infrastructure remains steadfastly document-based. Drawing from infrastructure studies, we locate the current infrastructural bottlenecks in the lack of local systems that integrate discourse-centric models to augment synthesis work, from which an infrastructure for synthesis can be grown. Through 3 years of research through design and field deployment in a distributed community of hypertext notebook users, we elaborate a design vision of what can and should be built in order to grow a discourse-centric synthesis infrastructure: a thriving “installed base” of researchers authoring local, shareable discourse graphs to improve synthesis work, enhance primary research and research training, and augment collaborative research. We discuss how this design vision — and our empirical work — contributes steps towards a new infrastructure for synthesis, and increases HCI’s capacity to advance collective intelligence and solve infrastructure-level problems.
Steps Towards an Infrastructure for Scholarly Synthesis
Sharing, reusing, and synthesizing knowledge is central to the research process, both individually, and with others. These core functions are not supported by our formal scholarly publishing infrastructure: instead of the smooth functioning of functional infrastructure, researchers resort to laborious "hacks" and workarounds to "mine" publications for what they need, and struggle to efficiently share the resulting information with others. Information scientists have proposed an alternative infrastructure based on the more appropriately granular model of a discourse graph of claims, and evidence, along with key rhetorical relationships between them. However, despite significant technical progress on standards and platforms, the predominant infrastructure remains steadfastly document-based. Drawing from infrastructure studies, we locate the current infrastructural bottlenecks in the lack of local systems that integrate discourse-centric models to augment synthesis work, from which an infrastructure for synthesis can be grown. Through 3 years of research through design and field deployment in a distributed community of hypertext notebook users, we elaborate a design vision of what can and should be built in order to grow a discourse-centric synthesis infrastructure: a thriving "installed base" of researchers authoring local, shareable discourse graphs to improve synthesis work, enhance primary research and research training, and augment collaborative research. We discuss how this design vision -- and our empirical work -- contributes steps towards a new infrastructure for synthesis, and increases HCI's capacity to advance collective intelligence and solve infrastructure-level problems.
Open Sourcing Scientific Research with Lab Discourse Graphs
Scientific Web Claims: A survey of definitions, tasks, datasets and methods
Scientific web claims are seen as scientific claims as observed on the Web, across social media, online news, and other platforms. The growing prevalence of scientific discussions on the Web has intensified the need to process and assess this specific type of claims. Unlike claims from scientific publications, scientific web claims are expressed in lay terms, are often decontextualized, and typically lack proper citations, which poses unique challenges for their identification, verification, and communication. Nevertheless, the correct processing of scientific web claims is crucial to keeping online science discussions accurate and informed, for instance through fact-checking. This survey provides the first systematic overview dedicated specifically to scientific web claims. We review and compare existing definitions, task formulations, datasets, and methodological approaches across three major perspectives: (1) Scientific fact-checking on the Web, (2) Scientific citations on the Web, and (3) Science communication on the Web. Our interdisciplinary analysis integrates insights from natural language processing, information retrieval, artificial intelligence, social sciences, and science communication. We identify major methodological challenges, including the lack of unified definitions, domain-agnostic corpora, and foundational models tailored to science-related online discourse. We also discuss challenges related to the existing interplay between emotions and distortions of science online. By mapping current research efforts and highlighting open problems, this survey lays the groundwork for developing robust datasets, methods, and evaluation frameworks to advance the automated processing of scientific web claims, a necessary capability for strengthening the reliability of science-related online discourse at scale.
Science Live - The Platform for FAIR Research
Transform research into FAIR nanopublications. Create, discover, cite, and embed structured knowledge bricks.
Stackable Citation Knowledge — Live Demo: Annotate While Reading (CiTeX 2026)
This screencast is the pre-recorded demo segment from the talk "Stackable Citation Knowledge: Building on Nanopublications for Climate and Biodiversity Research", delivered remotely at the CiTeX 2026 Workshop on Citation Extraction and Parsing (DIPF Leibniz Institute, Frankfurt, 28-29 May 2026) by Anne Fouilloux (LifeWatch ERIC) and Jean Iaquinta (Vitenhub AS). The demo walks through the third production path for citation- typed nanopublications: an expert reader annotates a citation found in someone else's paper, rather than the citing author declaring intent (Author path) or an LLM-extraction pipeline inferring it retroactively (Extract path). The annotation is published as a signed CiTO Citation nanopub on the open Science Live network — ORCID-attributed, immutable via Trusty URI, and contestable by counter-nanopubs. Worked example: while reading Wernberg et al. 2016 (Science, 353:169-172, "Climate-driven regime shift of a temperate marine ecosystem"), the reader infers that Wernberg cites reference 11 - Poloczanska et al. 2013 (Nature Climate Change, 3:919-925, "Global imprint of climate change on marine life") - as the global authority for climate-driven marine species redistribution. The annotation is published to Science Live with relation cito:citesAsAuthority and a one-sentence rationale tying it to the authors' planned Mediterranean Iberian extension. This is the alternative to LLM-based citation intent extraction: same downstream signed nanopub, human expert reader instead of a language model in the loop. Complements OpenCitations, WikiCite, and CiTO-extraction tools (GROBID, CEC, GRAPHIA, OFFZIB) by providing a citable target for any typed-citation output. Tools used: - Science Live Zotero plugin (Zotero 7+, plugin v1.0.6) - Science Live platform (platform.sciencelive4all.org) - Citation with CiTO template (built on CiTO and FaBiO ontologies) Related materials: - Talk repository (Slidev source, demo script, references): https://github.com/ScienceLiveHub/citex2026-stackable-citations - Live deck: https://sciencelive4all.org/citex2026-stackable-citations/ - CiTeX 2026 workshop: https://sites.google.com/view/workshop-on-citation-extractio/
From Social Network to Sense Making
The Research Nexus vision for a more connected scholarly community
Crossref envisions “a rich and reusable open network of relationships connecting research organizations, people, things, and actions; a scholarly record that the global community can build on forever, for the benefit of society”. This Research Nexus expands on the importance of research objects being persistently and uniquely identified. The scholarly community has an established practice of connecting things such as citations to others’ work and it is increasingly critical to identify relationships beyond citations, bringing together published work, unpublished work, institutions, individuals, and identifying the actions that they take e.g., funding, publishing, creating, modifying, citing, and sharing. The Research Nexus brings together metadata and relationships to build a joined-up picture of the scholarly ecosystem and helps everyone identify these relationships and how they change through time. This vision is possible if all parts of the scholarly ecosystem (and beyond) work together, including various scholarly infrastructure organizations.
The Micro-Paper: Towards cheaper, citable research ideas and conversations
Academic, peer-reviewed short papers are a common way to present a late-breaking work to the academic community that outlines preliminary findings, research ideas, and novel conversations. By comparison, blogging or writing posts on social media are an unstructured and open way to discuss ideas and start new conversations. Both have limitations in the proliferation of research ideas. The short paper format relies on the conference and journal submission process while blogging does not operate within a structured format or set of expectations at all. However, at times the demand exists for late-breaking ideas and conversations to arise in a raw form or with urgency but should still be archived and recorded in a way that promotes citational honesty and integrity. To address this, I present: The Micro-Paper, as a micro-paper itself. The Micro-Paper is a small, cheap, accessible, digital document that is self-published and archived, akin to a pre-print of a short paper. This meta micro-paper discusses the context, goals, and considerations of micro-paper authoring.
Open Science Network
Reclaim scientific discourse with federated digital spaces where researchers shape their own conversations, data, and collaborations
Getting started - Docs
Discourse Graphs are a tool and ecosystem for collaborative knowledge synthesis, enabling researchers to map ideas and arguments in a modular, composable graph format.
(PDF) The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital Objects
PDF | Beginning in 1995, early Internet pioneers proposed Digital Objects as encapsulations of data and metadata made accessible through persistent... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
