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The Ultimate Guide to Fine-Tuning LLMs from Basics to Breakthroughs: An Exhaustive Review of Technologies, Research, Best Practices, Applied Research Challenges and Opportunities (Version 1.0)

How LLMs Actually Work
A from-the-ground-up walkthrough of how modern LLMs work, from tokens to transformer blocks to the next-token loop
576 - Using LLMs at Oxide | RFD | Oxide
Large language models (LLMs) are an indisputable breakthrough of the last five years, potentially profoundly changing the way that we work. As with any extraordinarily powerful tool, LLM use has both promise and peril — and that they are so general-purpose leaves real questions about how and when they should be used. The landscape is shifting so rapidly that static prescription is unlikely — but that LLMs are evolving so quickly also gives urgency to the question: how should LLMs be used at Oxide?
How LLMs are and are not like the brain
Hi from buttondown! At the bottom of this newsletter is a bit of administrivia about the new platform How LLMs are and are not like the brain Beneath all the...

LLMs and performative productivity
It's worth asking whether LLMs are actually making us more productive at all—and if so, what we might be sacrificing in return.

Dan Shipper 📧 on Twitter / X
this is true and is a big reason why you don’t need to be a highly technical researcher to use LLMs in surprising and novel ways https://t.co/TuxNzXzToU— Dan Shipper 📧 (@danshipper) July 27, 2025
Build agents, not pipelines
There are only two ways to use LLMs in a computer program: as part of a pipeline, or as an agent. In other words, either you express the control flow of the program in code, or you give a LLM tools and allow it to manage the control flow itself1.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs
An introduction to the main techniques and latest models

Various LLM smells
Looks like this ended up on the HN front-page: HN Thread Late last year I started writing a math blog and decided to use LLMs to polish/enhance my writin...

Why do LLMs make stuff up? New research peers under the hood.
Claude's faulty "known entity" neurons sometimes override its "don't answer" circuitry.

What Happens, Exactly, When a Person Talks to an LLM?
A phenomenology of thinking with a model.

LLM is a learned distribution p on sequences of tokens. If you just sample a bunch of text from p willy nilly and put it in the training data and train you just get back p. But if you sample a bunch of text from p and throw out whatever's bad and train on what's left then you learn p(x|x is not bad)