







A W3C Community Group working draft for an open stack for sovereign, verifiable, interoperable, and resilient deliberation.
Digital Democracy in Decentralised Autonomous Organisations
Decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) are institutional technologies that enable democratic governance innovation. They inherit key democratic principles such as procedural transparency and immutable records from being based on blockchain technology. This paper conducts a systematic literature review to examine governance mechanisms and challenges of digital democracy in DAOs. While issues like power concentration and coordination failures exist in current implementations, we argue that the concept of DAOs offers new opportunities for transparent governance and participatory decision-making. As testbeds for governance experiments, we find that DAOs have the potential to reshape democratic processes and foster innovative governance models in the digital era. Calling for interdisciplinary collaboration, further research is needed around Sybil-resistant voting mechanisms, ideological path dependencies and deliberation mechanisms.

Build Community Online with Decentralized Tools | Blacksky
Decentralized tools to build community online. The intercommunal net where communities govern, pool funds and stay safe on their own terms.

Build Community Online with Decentralized Tools | Blacksky
Decentralized tools to build community online. The intercommunal net where communities govern, pool funds and stay safe on their own terms.

Modular Politics: Toward a Governance Layer for Online Communities
Governance in online communities is an increasingly high-stakes challenge, and yet many basic features of offline governance legacies--juries, political parties, term limits, and formal debates, to name a few--are not in the feature-sets of the software most community platforms use. Drawing on the paradigm of Institutional Analysis and Development, this paper proposes a strategy for addressing this lapse by specifying basic features of a generalizable paradigm for online governance called Modular Politics. Whereas classical governance typologies tend to present a choice among wholesale ideologies, such as democracy or oligarchy, Modular Politics would enable platform operators and their users to build bottom-up governance processes from computational components that are modular and composable, highly versatile in their expressiveness, portable from one context to another, and interoperable across platforms. This kind of approach could implement pre-digital governance systems as well as accelerate innovation in uniquely digital techniques. As diverse communities share and connect their components and data, governance could occur through a ubiquitous network layer. To that end, this paper proposes the development of an open standard for networked governance.

From ZK-first to AT Protocol — our path to DDS | Agora Citizen Network
We've been building Agora — a platform for public deliberation using Polis-style clustering — for a while now. Along the way, we've written about what we think about Nostr, AT Protocol, Polis, Community Notes, and protocol interoperability. Those posts are somewhat outdated now. This one describes w...
The Decentralized Web: Defending Internet Freedom through Decentralization: Back to the Future? — MIT Digital Currency Initiative
In this report, we explore two important ways structurally decentralized systems could help address the risks of mega-platform consolidation: First, these systems can help users directly publish and discover content directly, without intermediaries, and thus without censorship. All of the systems we

Holographic consensus—part 1
Decentralized governance is the field of protocols that coordinate large number of agents into a collective action, implemented with smart…
gbl08ma.com/didplcbft
A very experimental PLC implementation which uses BFT consensus for decentralization
Decentralization Trade Offs in AT Protocol and ActivityPub DWeb Camp 2026
Christine Lemmer Webber is lead author and co-editor of the W3C ActivityPub specification. Daniel Holmgren is Head of Protocol at Bluesky, working on the AT Protocol specification at the IETF. Join us for a discussion on decentralization trade-offs and other design decisions in the two protocols, and what that means for different architectures, structures, and even future points of convergence. Moderated by Boris Mann
What ATProto Needs to Support Consentful Distributed Community Governance
Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization by …
How Control Exists after Decentralization by Galloway, …

w3c-cg/udna
This repository holds the work of the W3C Universal DID-Native Addressing (UDNA) Community Group. We are developing a standard for addressing Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) on the web.
Radical Servers - riseup.net
Here is a list of either anti-capitalist, anti-hierarchy, autonomous, feminist, or radical server projects. Some of them are revolutionary collectives which provide free or mutual aid services to radical and grassroots activists. Others are more focused on privacy or on decentralisation. None of them are focused on money. Riseup is not endorsing these projects, but is keeping a list for people to be able to choose! Please read carefully the terms of service of the projects, as some may be subject to law-enforcement or surveillance laws.

Decentralization: Worth The Wait — Open Tech Strategies | Blog
Ethan Zuckerman has a piece in Wired that says building decentralization tools is a sucker's bet. He and his coauthors, Chelsea Barabas and Neha Narula, mention the FreedomBox, which I helped lead, as an example of how difficult this stuff is. They point to a list of things that make decentralized efforts prone to failure and conclude:
W3C Invites Implementations of Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.1 w3.org/news/2026/w3c-invites-impleme…
W3C Invites Implementations of Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.1
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