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Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech
A simple method was developed for evaluating the efficacy of face masks to reduce respiratory droplet emission during speaking. , Mandates for mask use in public during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have demonstrated a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. In proof-of-principle studies, we compared a variety of commonly available mask types and observed that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck gaiters or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by nonexperts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing.

Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech
A simple method was developed for evaluating the efficacy of face masks to reduce respiratory droplet emission during speaking. , Mandates for mask use in public during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have demonstrated a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. In proof-of-principle studies, we compared a variety of commonly available mask types and observed that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck gaiters or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by nonexperts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing.

Inexpensive, Accessible Device Provides Visual Proof that Masks Block Droplets
DURHAM, N.C. – Duke physician Eric Westman was one of the first champions of masking as a means to curtail the spread of coronavirus, working with a local non-profit to provide free masks to at-risk and under-served populations in the greater Durham community.

The Mythical Agent-Month – Wes McKinney
Like a lot of people, I’ve found that AI is terrible for my sleep schedule. In the past I’d wake up briefly at 4 or 4:30 in the morning to have a sip of water or use the bathroom; now I have trouble going back to sleep. I could be doing things. Before I would get a solid 7-8 hours a night; now I’m lucky when I get 6. I’ve largely stopped fighting it: now when I’m rolling around restlessly in bed at 5:07am with ideas to feed my AI coding agents, I just get up and start my day.

Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review
SUMMARY This narrative review and meta-analysis summarizes a broad evidence base on the benefits—and also the practicalities, disbenefits, harms and personal, sociocultural and environmental impacts—of masks and masking. Our synthesis of evidence from over 100 published reviews and selected primary studies, including re-analyzing contested meta-analyses of key clinical trials, produced seven key findings. First, there is strong and consistent evidence for airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory pathogens. Second, masks are, if correctly and consistently worn, effective in reducing transmission of respiratory diseases and show a dose-response effect. Third, respirators are significantly more effective than medical or cloth masks. Fourth, mask mandates are, overall, effective in reducing community transmission of respiratory pathogens. Fifth, masks are important sociocultural symbols; non-adherence to masking is sometimes linked to political and ideological beliefs and to widely circulated mis- or disinformation. Sixth, while there is much evidence that masks are not generally harmful to the general population, masking may be relatively contraindicated in individuals with certain medical conditions, who may require exemption. Furthermore, certain groups (notably D/deaf people) are disadvantaged when others are masked. Finally, there are risks to the environment from single-use masks and respirators. We propose an agenda for future research, including improved characterization of the situations in which masking should be recommended or mandated; attention to comfort and acceptability; generalized and disability-focused communication support in settings where masks are worn; and development and testing of novel materials and designs for improved filtration, breathability, and environmental impact.

Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review
SUMMARY This narrative review and meta-analysis summarizes a broad evidence base on the benefits—and also the practicalities, disbenefits, harms and personal, sociocultural and environmental impacts—of masks and masking. Our synthesis of evidence from over 100 published reviews and selected primary studies, including re-analyzing contested meta-analyses of key clinical trials, produced seven key findings. First, there is strong and consistent evidence for airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory pathogens. Second, masks are, if correctly and consistently worn, effective in reducing transmission of respiratory diseases and show a dose-response effect. Third, respirators are significantly more effective than medical or cloth masks. Fourth, mask mandates are, overall, effective in reducing community transmission of respiratory pathogens. Fifth, masks are important sociocultural symbols; non-adherence to masking is sometimes linked to political and ideological beliefs and to widely circulated mis- or disinformation. Sixth, while there is much evidence that masks are not generally harmful to the general population, masking may be relatively contraindicated in individuals with certain medical conditions, who may require exemption. Furthermore, certain groups (notably D/deaf people) are disadvantaged when others are masked. Finally, there are risks to the environment from single-use masks and respirators. We propose an agenda for future research, including improved characterization of the situations in which masking should be recommended or mandated; attention to comfort and acceptability; generalized and disability-focused communication support in settings where masks are worn; and development and testing of novel materials and designs for improved filtration, breathability, and environmental impact.

I couldn’t sleep, then I tried cognitive shuffling | Psyche Notes to Self
The usual advice didn’t help my sleep problems, but then I tried an exercise that kickstarts the sleep-onset control system

New safe sleep recommendations can help pediatricians guide families
The AAP continues to emphasize placing infants on their backs in an uncluttered crib.

Air Pollution Mask
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Vital Signs: Trends and Disparities in Infant Safe Sleep Practices — United States, 2009–2015
Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

A Life-Saving Checklist
If something so simple can transform intensive care, what else can it do?

How one hour of slow breathing changed my life
An introductory breathing class fixed my sleep and left me calmer than ever. It took me years to find out why

Matt Pocock on Twitter / X
There's an AI coding approach that lets you run seriously long-running AI agents (hours, days) that ship code while you sleep. I've tried it, and I'm not going back.It's the Ralph Wiggum approach. Here it is in a nutshell:Run a coding agent with a clean slate, again and again…— Matt Pocock (@mattpocockuk) January 4, 2026
Sleep deprivation is not a badge of honor
Forgoing sleep is like borrowing from a loan shark. Sure you get those extra hours right now to cover for your overly-optimistic estimation, but at what price? The shark will be back, and if you ca…
This is a really good point re: the lesbian bar story. Yeah, I'm sure the Globe reporters and their friends don't mask, but lots of folks in…
How can you keep a business accessible to immunocompromised folks yet stay out of the red? This was the question the NYT should have asked…

Inexpensive, Accessible Device Provides Visual Proof that Masks Block Droplets

Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech

Neck Gaiters for COVID-19 Worse Than No Face Covering At All | Infection Control Today

The Astounding Physics of N95 Masks