Proxmox Virtual Environment
Proxmox Virtual Environment is a free and open-source server virtualization platform developed by Proxmox Server Solutions GmbH. It is based on Debian and combines Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) for hardware-assisted virtual machines with LXC for Linux system containers in a single management environment.
Complete OS Guide: Proxmox How It Works, Orientation and Curiosities – LINUXMIND.DEV
Proxmox is an open-source server virtualization environment that combines two virtualization technologies: kernel-based virtual machines (KVM) and Linux containers (LXC). It offers a unified management interface for running virtual machines, containers, storage, and network configurations in a single platform. Widely adopted by enterprises, small businesses, and home lab enthusiasts, Proxmox simplifies deployment and administration of virtual infrastructure.
container/docs/technical-overview.md at main · apple/container
A tool for creating and running Linux containers using lightweight virtual machines on a Mac. It is written in Swift, and optimized for Apple silicon. - apple/container
Apptainer - Portable, Reproducible Containers
Apptainer is an open source container platform designed to run complex applications on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters in a simple, portable, and reproducible way.
The History of Container Technology
To cover the history of container technology, we need to go back to the early days of virtualization in the 1960s...

apple/container
A tool for creating and running Linux containers using lightweight virtual machines on a Mac. It is written in Swift, and optimized for Apple silicon.
linuxkit/linuxkit
A toolkit for building secure, portable and lean operating systems for containers
The Industry-Leading Container Runtime | Docker
Read about our industry-leading Docker container runtimes. Docker Engine allows containerized apps to run consistently on any infrastructure — from anywhere.

Moving Beyond Containers - Introducing Boxer by Daniel Phillips @Wasm I/O 2025
Docker: Accelerated Container Application Development
Docker is a platform designed to help developers build, share, and run container applications. We handle the tedious setup, so you can focus on the code.

Deploy Hyper-Converged Ceph Cluster
Proxmox VE unifies your compute and storage systems, that is, you can use the same physical nodes within a cluster for both computing (processing VMs and containers) and replicated storage. The traditional silos of compute and storage resources can be wrapped up into a single hyper-converged appliance. Separate storage networks (SANs) and connections via network attached storage (NAS) disappear. With the integration of Ceph, an open source software-defined storage platform, Proxmox VE has the ability to run and manage Ceph storage directly on the hypervisor nodes.
smol-machines/smolvm
An embeddable, portable, branchable virtual machine to safely run Agents locally.
Containers From Scratch • Liz Rice • GOTO 2018
How eBPF is shaping the future of Linux and platform engineering
When Docker burst onto the scene in 2013, Linux containers seemed like an overnight success. But the evolution to containers—and microservices and Kubernetes—was actually decades in the making, based on kernel primitives in the Linux operating system. Docker used these primitives, namely cgroups and namespaces, as building blocks to create a lightweight, easy-to-use software packaging format. Linux containers had been used by Google and others for many years, but Docker made them easily accessible to mainstream developers.

A whirlwind tour of systemd-nspawn containers
An introduction to systemd-nspawn, a simple containerization technology that enables lightweight “virtual machines” without a hypervisor, diving into how they might be set up.
Wanix: The Spirit of Plan 9 in Wasm
Hardware virtualization and container management proxmox.com/en/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxmox_Virtual_Environm…